Python 2D Iteration and Animation
Several 2D arrays and Animations hacks are provided to further learn iteration and data in Python. The objective is to build a stronger foundation in iteration and data. Also, it is important to see concepts like printing color and moving objects in terminal, prior to moving to frontend development with JavaScript.
- 2D Programming and Resources
- Monkey Jumpers Poem
- Animation, the Energetic versus Lazy Programmer methods
2D Programming and Resources
There are lots of applications for 2D data. Common terms in 2D are tabular data, row/columns, matrix, etc. Nested iterative loops are often used to find or discover each cell in a 2D array.
- 2D samples and challenges in Jupyter. wget link:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nighthawkcoders/APCSP/master/_notebooks/2023-05-16-DS-arrays_lab.ipynb- Mario animations in JS, these are markdown code examples.
- Assets metadata yml, wget and place in _data directory; sprite, download and place in images directory
- Code to interact with Sprite Animations runtime, wget code
- Game starters runtime, wget imperative code, wget oop code
"""
* Creator: Nighthawk Coding Society
2D arrays
"""
# Classic nested loops using ij indexes, this shows 2 dimensions
def print_matrix1(matrix):
print("Classic nested loops using ij indexes")
for i in range(len(matrix)): # outer loop (i), built on length of matrix (rows)
for j in range(len(matrix[i])): # inner loop (j), built on length of items (columns)
print(matrix[i][j], end=" ") # [i][j] is 2D representation, end changes newline to space
print()
# Enhanced nested for loops, row and col variables
def print_matrix2(matrix):
print("Enhanced nested for loops")
for row in matrix: # short hand row iterator, index is not required
for col in row: # short hand column iterator
print(col, end=" ")
print()
# For loop with shortcut (*) row expansion
def print_matrix4(matrix):
print("For loop with shortcut (*) row expansion")
for row in matrix:
print(*row) # pythons has (*) that is one line expansion of row into columns
def test_matrices():
# setup some text matrices
keypad = [[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9],
[" ", 0, " "]]
keyboard = [["`", 1, " ", 2, " ",3, " ", 4, " ", 5, " ", 6, " ", 7, " ", 8, " ", 9, " ", 0, " ", "-"," ", "="],
[" ", " ", "Q", " ", "W", " ", "E", " ", "R", " ", "T", " ", "Y", " ", "U", " ", "I", " ", " ", "O", " ", "P", " ", "[", " ", "]", " ", "\\"],
[" ", " ", " ", "A", " ", "S", " ", "D", " ", "F", " ", "G", " ", "H", " ", "J", " ", "K", " ", "L", " ", ";", " ", "'"],
[" ", " ", " ", " ", "Z", " ", "X", " ", "C", " ", "V", " ", "B", " ", "N", " ", "M", " ", ",", " ", ".", " ", "/"]]
numbers = [
[0, 1], # binary
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], # decimal
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"] # hexadecimal
]
tree = [
[" ", " "," ", 1],
[" ", " ", 1, 1, 1],
[" ", 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[" ", " ", "|", " ", "|"]
]
# pack into a list of matrices with titles
matrices = [
["Keypad", keypad],
["Keyboard", keyboard],
["Number Systems", numbers],
["Christmas Tree", tree]
]
# loop 2D matrix with returning list in [key, value] arrangement
for title, matrix in matrices: # unpack title and matrix as variables
# formatted message with concatenation
print(title, len(matrix), "x", "~" + str(len(matrix[0])))
# use three different methods
print_matrix1(matrix)
print_matrix2(matrix)
print_matrix3(matrix)
print_matrix4(matrix)
# blank link in between
print()
# tester section
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_matrices()
JavaScript 2D array
Example below populate a 2D array. Key concepts are ij loop and assignments. Observe the object that is created in console. Learn the basics of iteration through 2D array in JavaScript.
- Candy challenge:Work of pairs. Create one of the Python examples (christmas tree, keyboard, ...). Use the element.append to output within the notebook. As you work on JavaScript make sure your development enviornment is setup like JavaScript programmer.
%%js
/*
* Creator: Nighthawk Coding Society
Construct a two-dimensional array in JS
*/
var arr2D = [];
var rows = 3;
var cols = 4;
// Loop to initialize 2D array elements
for (var i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
arr2D[i]=[];
for (var j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
arr2D[i][j] = "r:" + i + "c:" + j;
}
}
console.log(arr2D);
element.append(arr2D);
"""
* Creator: Nighthawk Coding Society
* Mini Lab Name: Hello Series, featuring Monkey Jumpers Poem
"""
import time # used for delay
from IPython.display import clear_output # jupyter specific clear
def main():
# ANSI Color Codes
Red = "\u001b[31m"
Green = "\u001b[32m"
Yellow = "\u001b[33m"
Blue = "\u001b[34m"
Magenta = "\u001b[35m"
""" 2D array data assignment """
monkeys = [
[
Red,
"ʕง ͠° ͟ل͜ ͡°)ʔ ", # [0][0] eyes
" \\_⏄_/ ", # [0][1] chin
" --0-- ", # [0][2] body
" ⎛ ⎞ " # [0][3] legs
],
[
Green,
" ʕ༼ ◕_◕ ༽ʔ ", # [1][0]
" \\_⎏_/ ",
" ++1++ ",
" ⌋ ⌊ "
],
[
Yellow,
" ʕ(▀ ⍡ ▀)ʔ", # [2][0]
" \\_⎐_/ ",
" <-2-> ",
" 〈 〉 "
],
[
Blue,
"ʕ ͡° ͜ʖ ° ͡ʔ", # [3][0]
" \\_⍾_/ ",
" ==3== ",
" _/ \\_ "
],
[
Magenta,
" (◕‿◕✿) ", # [4][0]
" \\_⍾_/ ", # [4][1]
" ==4== ", # [4][2]
" _/ \\_ " # [4][3]
]
]
""" 2D array program logic """
# cycles through 2D array backwards
for i in range(len(monkeys), -1, -1):
clear_output(wait=True)
print("Nursery Rhyme") # identification message
# this print statement shows current count of Monkeys
# concatenation (+) of the loop variable and string to form a countdown message
print(str(i) + " little monkeys jumping on the bed...")
# cycle through monkeys that are left in poem countdown
for row in range(i - 1, -1, -1): # cycles through remaining monkeys in countdown
# cycles through monkey part by part
for col in range(len(monkeys[row])):
# prints specific part of the monkey from the 2D cell
print(monkeys[row][col] + " ")
# this new line gives separation between stanza of poem
print("\u001b[0m") # reset color
time.sleep(2)
# out of all the loops, prints finishing messages
clear_output(wait=True)
print("No more monkeys jumping on the bed")
print("0000000000000000000000000000000000")
print(" THE END ")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Animation, the Energetic versus Lazy Programmer methods
Animation is done like the old Disney films, lots of little images put togehter. In these examples we eliminate using a 2D array, but simulate int with a sequence of print statements.
- This 1st sequence is a lot of lines of code.
- The 2nd takes the lazy programmer method to do the same.
- Candy challenge:Make you own ASCII art animation.
"""
* Creator: Nighthawk Coding Society
Sailing Ship Animation (long method)
"""
import time # used for delay
from IPython.display import clear_output # jupyter specific clear
# ANSI Color Codes
Color34 = "\u001b[34m"
Color37 = "\u001b[37m"
# As you can see, its not very optimal
def ship1():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print("\__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship2():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship3():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship4():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship5():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship6():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship7():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship8():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship9():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship10():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship11():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship12():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship13():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship14():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship15():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship16():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship17():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship18():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \u001b[37m")
def ship19():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
def ship20():
print(" |\ ")
print(" |/ ")
print(" \__ |__/ ")
print(" \____/ ")
print("\u001b[34m -------------------------------------------- \u001b[37m")
clear_output(wait=True)
time.sleep(.1)
ship1()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship2()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship3()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship4()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship5()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship6()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship7()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship8()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship9()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship10()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship11()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship12()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship13()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship14()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship15()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship16()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship17()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship18()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship19()
time.sleep(.5)
clear_output(wait=True)
ship20()
time.sleep(.5)
"""
* Creator: Nighthawk Coding Society
Sailing Ship Animation (programatic method)
"""
import time # used for delay
from IPython.display import clear_output # jupyter specific clear
# ANSI Color Codes
OCEAN_COLOR = u"\u001B[34m\u001B[2D"
SHIP_COLOR = u"\u001B[35m\u001B[2D"
RESET_COLOR = u"\u001B[0m\u001B[2D"
def ship_print(position): # print ship with colors and leading spaces according to position
clear_output(wait=True)
print(RESET_COLOR)
sp = " " * position
print(sp + " |\ ")
print(sp + " |/ ")
print(SHIP_COLOR, end="")
print(sp + "\__ |__/ ")
print(sp + " \____/ ")
print(OCEAN_COLOR + "--"*32 + RESET_COLOR)
def ship(): # ship function, loop/controller for animation speed and times
# loop control variables
start = 0 # start at zero
distance = 60 # how many times to repeat
step = 2 # count by 2
# loop purpose is to animate ship sailing
for position in range(start, distance, step):
ship_print(position) # call to function with parameter
time.sleep(.2)
ship() # activate/call ship function
import time # used for delay
from IPython.display import clear_output # jupyter specific clear
# ANSI Color Codes
OCEAN_COLOR = u"\u001B[34m\u001B[2D"
SHIP_COLOR = u"\u001B[35m\u001B[2D"
RESET_COLOR = u"\u001B[0m\u001B[2D"
def ship_print(position): # print ship with colors and leading spaces according to position
clear_output(wait=True)
print(RESET_COLOR)
sp = " " * position
print(sp + " |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ __
| \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | O~-_
| >----|-|-|-|-|-|-|--| __/
| / / / / / / / / |__\
|/ / / / / / / / ")
print(SHIP_COLOR, end="")
print(sp + "\__ |__/ ")
print(sp + " \____/ ")
print(OCEAN_COLOR + "--"*32 + RESET_COLOR)
def ship(): # ship function, loop/controller for animation speed and times
# loop control variables
start = 0 # start at zero
distance = 60 # how many times to repeat
step = 2 # count by 2
# loop purpose is to animate ship sailing
for position in range(start, distance, step):
ship_print(position) # call to function with parameter
time.sleep(.2)
ship() # activate/call ship function
"""
* Modify the Monkeys program to show the monkeys horizontally instead of vertically
"""
import time # used for delay
from IPython.display import clear_output # jupyter specific clear
def main():
# ANSI Color Codes
Red = "\u001b[31m"
Green = "\u001b[32m"
Yellow = "\u001b[33m"
Blue = "\u001b[34m"
Magenta = "\u001b[35m"
""" 2D array data assignment """
monkeys = [
[
Red,
"ʕง ͠° ͟ل͜ ͡°)ʔ ", # [0][0] eyes
" \\_⏄_/ ", # [0][1] chin
" --0-- ", # [0][2] body
" ⎛ ⎞ " # [0][3] legs
],
[
Green,
" ʕ༼ ◕_◕ ༽ʔ ", # [1][0]
" \\_⎏_/ ",
" ++1++ ",
" ⌋ ⌊ "
],
[
Yellow,
" ʕ(▀ ⍡ ▀)ʔ", # [2][0]
" \\_⎐_/ ",
" <-2-> ",
" 〈 〉 "
],
[
Blue,
"ʕ ͡° ͜ʖ ° ͡ʔ", # [3][0]
" \\_⍾_/ ",
" ==3== ",
" _/ \\_ "
],
[
Magenta,
" (◕‿◕✿) ", # [4][0]
" \\_⍾_/ ", # [4][1]
" ==4== ", # [4][2]
" _/ \\_ " # [4][3]
]
]
""" 2D array program logic """
# cycles through 2D array backwards
for i in range(len(monkeys), -1, -1):
clear_output(wait=True)
print("Nursery Rhyme") # identification message
# this print statement shows current count of Monkeys
# concatenation (+) of the loop variable and string to form a countdown message
print(str(i) + " little monkeys jumping on the bed...")
# cycles through monkey part by part, there are 5 parts for each monkey in the 2D array:
# - first row element is the color and the remaining 4 elements are body parts
for col in range(1,5):#len(monkeys[row])):
# cycle through monkeys that are left in poem countdown
# draw one part at a time for each monkey before drawing the next part
for row in range(i - 1, -1, -1): # cycles through remaining monkeys in countdown
# print one body part at a time from the 2D cell, for each monkey
# make sure a newline is not printed yet until we are done cycling thru the part for each monkey
# use the tab character ('\t') to make sure the monkeys are drawn with the correct alignment spacing
print(monkeys[row][0] + '\t' + monkeys[row][col] + " ", end='')
# above for loop was changed so that
# print a blank char to ensure a newline is printed to move on to the next part of the monkey
print('')
# this new line gives separation between stanza of poem
print("\u001b[0m") # reset color
time.sleep(2)
# out of all the loops, prints finishing messages
clear_output(wait=True)
print("No more monkeys jumping on the bed")
print("0000000000000000000000000000000000")
print(" THE END ")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
import time
from IPython.display import clear_output
# Defined below are the ASCII art frames using a function for each frame
# .--.
# / _.-' .-. .-. .-. .''.
# \ '-. '-' '-' '-' '..'
# '--'
Green = "\u001b[32m"
Blue = "\u001b[34m"
def openMouthFrame1():
print(" .--. ")
print("/ _.-' .-. .-. .-. .-. .''. ")
print("\ '-. '-' '-' '-' '-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def closeMouthFrame2():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / ___' .-. .-. .-. .''. ")
print(" \ . '-' '-' '-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def openMouthFrame3():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / _.-'.-. .-. .-. .''. ")
print(" \ '-.'-' '-' '-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def closeMouthFrame4():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / ___' .-. .-. .''. ")
print(" \ . '-' '-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def openMouthFrame5():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / _.-'.-. .-. .''. ")
print(" \ '-.'-' '-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def closeMouthFrame6():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / ___' .-. .''. ")
print(" \ . '-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def openMouthFrame7():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / _.-'.-. .''. ")
print(" \ '-.'-' '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def closeMouthFrame8():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / ___' .''. ")
print(" \ . '..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def openMouthFrame9():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / _.-''. ")
print(" \ '-..' ")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def closeMouthFrame10():
print(" .--. ")
print(" / ___'")
print(" \ .")
print(" '--' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def smileMouthFrame11():
print(" ,------, ")
print(" / o____o \\")
print(" \\ '--' /")
print(" '------' ") #, end='', flush=True)
def animatePacman():
clear_output(wait=True)
#time.sleep(.5)
openMouthFrame1()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
#time.sleep(.5)
closeMouthFrame2()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
#time.sleep(.5)
openMouthFrame3()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
closeMouthFrame4()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
openMouthFrame5()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
closeMouthFrame6()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
openMouthFrame7()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
closeMouthFrame8()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
openMouthFrame9()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
closeMouthFrame10()
time.sleep(1)
clear_output(wait=True)
smileMouthFrame11()
time.sleep(1)
# call our animate function
animatePacman()